People generally consider an action unethical if it...

An action is often deemed unethical when it causes harm to others because ethical standards are fundamentally concerned with the well-being and rights of individuals and communities. Actions leading to physical, emotional, or psychological harm to others violate the principle of respect for persons and the duty to do no harm. Ethical frameworks, such as utilitarianism, prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number, making harm a significant factor in determining moral actions.

In contrast, legal guidelines do not always align with ethical considerations; something may be legal yet still be viewed as unethical if it causes harm. Societal traditions can vary widely and may not necessarily promote ethical behavior, particularly if they uphold harmful practices. While promoting personal gain can lead to unethical behavior, it is not inherently unethical, as actions taken for personal benefit might still be ethically permissible if they do not harm others or violate ethical principles. Thus, the focus on causing harm clarifies why it is a key determinant in ethical assessment.