What does beneficence refer to in ethical discussions?

Beneficence in ethical discussions refers directly to the principle of helping others and providing benefits. This concept emphasizes the moral obligation of individuals, especially in healthcare and caregiving professions, to contribute positively to the well-being of others. It goes beyond mere non-maleficence, which is the obligation to avoid causing harm; beneficence compels individuals to take proactive steps to promote good and enhance the welfare of those they serve.

In the context of healthcare, for example, this might involve taking actions such as providing effective treatment, educating patients about their options, and striving to improve health outcomes. The essence of beneficence is deeply rooted in compassion and a commitment to aiding others, which is foundational to ethical practices in many fields.