What does utilitarianism focus on in ethical decision-making?

Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory which asserts that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility. This philosophical approach emphasizes the outcomes of actions rather than adhering strictly to rules or duties. By focusing on the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number, utilitarianism guides decision-makers to evaluate actions based on their potential contributions to overall well-being.

This means that when faced with an ethical dilemma, a utilitarian would assess which option would produce the greatest net benefit for the majority of people affected by the decision. This perspective often leads to prioritizing actions that may not necessarily respect individual rights if doing so would result in a greater overall good for a larger group.

In contrast, theories emphasizing individual rights or duties might prioritize protecting specific rights or adhering to traditions, regardless of the outcomes. Financial implications may also be considered in some ethical frameworks, but utilitarianism specifically centers on maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering for the greatest number, making the focus on the overall good the distinguishing feature of this ethical approach.