What principle ensures that research participants are not unduly burdened?

The principle that ensures research participants are not unduly burdened is justice. Justice in the context of research ethics focuses on the equitable distribution of both the benefits and burdens of research. It aims to ensure that no group is disproportionately disadvantaged or exploited while others gain benefits. This principle emphasizes fairness in participant selection and protects vulnerable populations from being over-researched or facing excessive risks without appropriate compensation or benefit.

In contrast, beneficence refers to the obligation to minimize harm and maximize benefits for research participants, but it does not specifically address the fair distribution of burdens among different groups. Respect primarily pertains to honoring the autonomy and informed consent of participants, ensuring they are treated with dignity. Merit and integrity relate to the quality and ethical conduct of the research itself, ensuring that the research is conducted responsibly but doesn't directly address participant burden.