What risks must researchers be cautious about when there is no likely benefit to participants?

When there is no likely benefit to participants in research, it is crucial for researchers to ensure that risks are minimized to the lowest level that is ethically acceptable. This principle is rooted in the ethical obligation to protect participants, especially in contexts where they may not receive any direct benefit from their participation.

By ensuring that risks are minimized, researchers demonstrate a commitment to ethical standards that prioritize participant safety and well-being. It also acknowledges the importance of informed consent, where participants should be made aware of the risks involved in the research but reassured that those risks will be reduced to an ethical minimum.

The option that states all risks must be eliminated is unrealistic, as some level of risk is inherent in many research studies, particularly in fields like medicine or psychology. Compensation for risks, while important, does not address the fundamental requirement to minimize those risks ethically. Simply informing participants about risks, without taking action to mitigate them, does not fulfill ethical responsibilities. In summary, maintaining risks at an ethically acceptable level is crucial when potential benefits are absent, ensuring that research practices align with the ethical commitments of respect and protection in human subjects research.