Which ethical code was developed after World War II to guide human experimentation?

The Nuremberg Code was established in response to the inhumane medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors during World War II. This ethical code laid down a set of principles that must be followed in human experimentation, emphasizing the necessity of voluntary consent from participants, the right to withdraw, and the requirement that experiments should yield beneficial results that can justify the risks taken. Its creation marked a significant turning point in how ethical considerations are integrated into research involving human subjects, ensuring that the dignity and rights of individuals are respected and protected.

The other options either predate the Nuremberg Code or do not specifically address the ethical principles of human experimentation. The Hippocratic Oath, for instance, is an ancient pledge focused primarily on principles of practice and patient care; while the Geneva Convention relates to humanitarian treatment in war rather than research ethics, and the Principles of Medical Ethics are guidelines by the American Medical Association that evolved later and are broader in scope, not solely focused on human experimentation.