Which principle demands that research risks are justified by potential benefits?

The principle that demands research risks be justified by potential benefits is known as beneficence. This principle emphasizes the ethical obligation of researchers to maximize potential benefits while minimizing harm to participants. In the context of medical research, beneficence requires that the positive outcomes of the research, such as advancements in knowledge or treatment options, outweigh any risks or harms that participants might face. This ensures that the welfare of participants is prioritized, and the research can only proceed if a careful balance between risk and benefit is established.

In comparison to other principles, while justice focuses on fairness in the distribution of the benefits and burdens of research, respect pertains to acknowledging the autonomy of participants and obtaining informed consent. Integrity relates to honesty and adherence to ethical guidelines in conducting research. Thus, it is beneficence that specifically addresses the justification of risks in relation to the anticipated benefits in research scenarios.